| It can mean a deposit on your tooth or in an artery; both are bad |
plaque |
200 |
October 14, 2022 |
| The fibula is partnered with this bone, also known as the shin |
tibia |
400 |
October 14, 2022 |
| A group of 4 muscles forms this, which keeps the arm in the shoulder socket; a tear of it is common for baseball pitchers |
the rotator cuff |
600 |
October 14, 2022 |
| Here's your host's fingerprint down to this third major pattern along with arches & loops |
whorls |
800 |
October 14, 2022 |
| A tumor on this gland can cause gigantism or Cushing's disease |
the pituitary |
1000 |
October 14, 2022 |
| When you're cold or frightened, your arrector pili muscles make this "stand on end" |
your hair |
200 |
May 28, 2018 |
| Special cells called gustatory receptors are responsible for your sense of this |
taste |
400 |
May 28, 2018 |
| (Jimmy of the Clue Crew shows a diagram of the human body.) It takes three main muscles to raise the arm above the head: first, the superspinatus; next, the deltoid to about 90 degrees & finally, this large, flat, triangular muscle of the upper back |
the trapezius |
600 |
May 28, 2018 |
| This pancake-shaped temporary organ in pregnant women supplies the fetus with food & oxygen |
the placenta |
800 |
May 28, 2018 |
| Seen here is an animation of this wave-like muscular motion that pushes food through the esophagus |
peristalsis |
1000 |
May 28, 2018 |
| (Sarah of the Clue Crew holds a spinal column model at Sawbones.) The model of the spine can demonstrate to patients conditions like scoliosis & kyphosis, the forward curvature known to laymen as this |
hunchback |
200 |
October 23, 2009 |
| (Kelly of the Clue Crew holds a skeletal arm model at Sawbones.) This model presents with a fracture of the radius bone in the forearm, which studies find is most common in this season, as people try to break their falls |
winter |
400 |
October 23, 2009 |
| (Sarah of the Clue Crew holds a skeletal armbone model at Sawbones.) For medical education, Sawbones makes bone models pre-fractured in common patterns; this fracture, where two cracks form a triangle, results from bending & is named for this insect |
butterfly |
600 |
October 23, 2009 |
| (Kelly of the Clue Crew shows some models of the knee joint at Sawbones.) The model of the knee is used for arthroscopic procedures, such as the common tearing of the cruciate these that can result from hyperextension |
ligaments |
800 |
October 23, 2009 |
| (Sarah of the Clue Crew shows a skinned model of the head and neck at Sawbones.) The head and neck model is used to train for procedures like this one, the opening of the windpipe that's sometimes done in emergency situations |
a tracheotomy |
1000 |
October 23, 2009 |
| These minute blood vessels connect arteries & veins |
capillaries |
200 |
October 30, 2006 |
| Bile, which breaks up large molecules of fatty foods, is made by this organ & stored in the gallbladder |
the liver |
400 |
October 30, 2006 |
| Funny, but the name of this bone is Latin for "upper arm" |
humerus |
600 |
October 30, 2006 |
| In the Middle Ages, this word referred not only to the finger joints but to the knee as well |
knuckles |
800 |
October 30, 2006 |
| The sticky alkaline mucus on your stomach's wall is there to protect it from this corrosive acid |
hydrochloric acid |
1000 |
October 30, 2006 |
| Many creams on the market claim to lessen these lumpy fat deposits, especially in the thighs |
cellulite |
200 |
January 5, 2006 |
| In childbirth a hormone called prolactin stimulates milk production by these glands |
the mammary |
400 |
January 5, 2006 |
| The heart has 4 chambers: 2 atria & 2 of these lower chambers |
ventricles |
600 |
January 5, 2006 |
| When you eat, the hard one of these helps crush food & the soft one closes off the nasal opening during swallowing |
the palate |
800 |
January 5, 2006 |
| Produced mainly at night & causing drowsiness, it was the first hormone to be isolated from the pineal gland |
melatonin |
1000 |
January 5, 2006 |
| The sartorius, which flexes the thigh, is the body's longest one of these |
muscle |
200 |
November 19, 2004 |
| World Book describes this organ as a "grayish-pink jellylike ball with many ridges and grooves" |
brain |
400 |
November 19, 2004 |
| It's the area of hardened skin at the base & sides of your fingernails, or a protective outer layer of a hair |
cuticle |
600 |
November 19, 2004 |
| This substance that covers the tooth is the hardest tissue in the body |
enamel |
800 |
November 19, 2004 |
| As well as red & white blood cells you have these disk-like cells, aka thrombocytes, to help blood clot |
platelets |
1000 |
November 19, 2004 |
| Your taste buds help you distinguish between salty & bitter, & these 2 opposites |
sweet & sour |
200 |
February 10, 2004 |
| It's reddish-brown, weighs about 3 pounds & is the body's largest internal organ |
the liver |
400 |
February 10, 2004 |
| It's the thin, sticky film that forms on teeth, or a deposit of fatty material in the linings of arteries |
plaque |
600 |
February 10, 2004 |
| Use your head & tell us it's the part of the skull, made up of 8 bones, that encloses the brain |
the cranium |
1000 |
February 10, 2004 |
| As opposed to ball-&-socket, your knee is this type of joint moving backwards & forwards |
hinge joint |
|
February 10, 2004 |
| The tricuspid valve in this organ keeps blood in the right ventricle from flowing back into the right atrium |
the heart |
200 |
September 24, 2003 |
| The thick, triangular deltoid muscle, which allows the arm to be raised, covers this joint |
the shoulder |
400 |
September 24, 2003 |
| The lower leg consists of 2 bones: the tibia & this slightly smaller one |
fibula |
800 |
September 24, 2003 |
| In addition to producing insulin, this organ produces digestive juices used to break down food |
the pancreas |
1000 |
September 24, 2003 |
| A dilator muscle enlarges this part of the eye to allow more light in |
the pupil |
|
September 24, 2003 |
| These body parts are sensitive enough to feel points 1/10 of an inch apart, so reading Braille is a snap |
fingertips |
200 |
January 15, 2003 |
| In one theory, camphoraceous, ethereal & putrid are 3 of the 7 primary ones of these |
smells/odors |
400 |
January 15, 2003 |
| Joint at which the humerus, radius & ulna meet |
elbow |
600 |
January 15, 2003 |
| The part of your brain that controls balance & coordination; by age 2 it's almost fully grown |
cerebellum |
800 |
January 15, 2003 |
| 1 of the 3 types of muscle, it has a built-in contraction rate of 60-70 times a minute |
cardiac muscle |
|
January 15, 2003 |
| Of 106, 206 or 306, the number of bones an average adult has |
206 |
100 |
March 28, 2001 |
| One of the main functions of this organ pair is to filter out waste from the blood |
Kidneys |
200 |
March 28, 2001 |
| Heartburn has nothing to do with the heart; it's caused by acid from the stomach rising back into this tube |
Esophagus |
300 |
March 28, 2001 |
| By puberty these 2 small growths of lymphoid tissue above the tonsils usually disappear |
Adenoids |
400 |
March 28, 2001 |
| Hardening of these main arteries of the head & neck can lead to a stroke |
Carotid arteries |
500 |
March 28, 2001 |
| The auricle is the fleshy outer portion of this organ |
Ear |
100 |
January 5, 2001 |
| Also called the voice box, it's larger in men than in women |
Larynx |
200 |
January 5, 2001 |
| Estradiol is the strongest form of these female hormones |
Estrogens |
300 |
January 5, 2001 |
| The longest muscle in a human, the sartorius is flat & narrow & lies within this part of the body |
Thigh/leg |
400 |
January 5, 2001 |
| Ligaments in the elbow connect the radius & the ulna to this bone |
Humerus |
500 |
January 5, 2001 |
| Oddly, the "small" one of these is over 15 feet longer than the "large" one |
Intestine |
100 |
May 3, 1999 |
| It's the medical name for the thighbone, the longest bone in the body |
Femur |
200 |
May 3, 1999 |
| Your renal arteries are so named because they carry blood to these organs |
Kidneys |
300 |
May 3, 1999 |
| Your spine ends at this tailbone, formed by 4 fused vertebrae |
Coccyx |
500 |
May 3, 1999 |
| Take a breath & name this chief muscle used in normal shallow breathing |
Diaphragm |
|
May 3, 1999 |
| During swallowing, your epiglottis prevents food from entering this air tube |
Trachea |
100 |
December 15, 1998 |
| After childbirth, a hormone called prolactin stimulates the production of this |
Milk |
200 |
December 15, 1998 |
| Blood is carried to & from the head by the carotid arteries & these principal neck veins |
Jugular veins |
300 |
December 15, 1998 |
| Drumroll please....the eardrum is also known as this membrane |
Tympannic membrane |
400 |
December 15, 1998 |
| While the elbows are hinge joints, the shoulders & hips are this type |
Ball and socket |
500 |
December 15, 1998 |
| If you're suddenly frightened, chances are this hormone will quickly be released |
Adrenaline/Epinephrine |
100 |
December 8, 1998 |
| This pancreatic hormone is produced in specialized cells in the islets of Langerhans |
insulin |
200 |
December 8, 1998 |
| These organs have a transparent membrane called the conjunctiva covering the front of them |
Eyes |
400 |
December 8, 1998 |
| Ptyalin is an enzyme in this body fluid that helps break down starches |
Saliva |
500 |
December 8, 1998 |
| This joint consists of 8 carpal bones |
Wrist |
|
December 8, 1998 |
| A person suffering from dysphagia has trouble doing this... gulp! |
swallowing |
100 |
February 5, 1998 |
| Dedentition is just the loss of these; an odontectomy removes them |
teeth |
200 |
February 5, 1998 |
| Several disorders that affect this organ are grouped under the term strabismus |
the eye |
300 |
February 5, 1998 |
| Tom Brokaw's Broca's area is in this organ; so is yours |
the brain (helps covering speech) |
500 |
February 5, 1998 |
| The stapedius in the middle ear is one of these that moves the stapes |
a muscle |
|
February 5, 1998 |
| Vibrissae are the short stiff hairs that line this organ of smell |
Nose |
100 |
July 7, 1997 |
| When a woman is born, these reproductive organs contain about 2 million potential eggs |
Ovaries |
200 |
July 7, 1997 |
| Melatonin is secreted by this gland named for its resemblance to a pine cone |
Pineal gland |
300 |
July 7, 1997 |
| Hypoglycemia occurs when this organ secretes too much insulin |
Pancreas |
400 |
July 7, 1997 |
| Prone to inflammation, this clear membrane covers the front of the eyeball & lines the eyelids |
the conjunctiva |
500 |
July 7, 1997 |
| This gland located at the front of the neck controls metabolic activity |
thyroid |
100 |
October 15, 1996 |
| The visceral pleurae are thin, tough membranes that cover the outer surface of these organs |
lungs |
200 |
October 15, 1996 |
| The small intestine includes the jejunum, the ileum & this horseshoe-shaped section |
duodenum |
300 |
October 15, 1996 |
| This lowest part of the brain stem helps regulate the digestive process, among other functions |
medulla |
400 |
October 15, 1996 |
| The shoulder joint is formed by the scapula, the clavicle & this upper arm bone |
humerus |
500 |
October 15, 1996 |
| This part of the large intestine is divided into ascending, transverse, descending & sigmoid sections |
colon |
100 |
June 13, 1996 |
| These 3-headed muscles on the back of the upper arms straighten the elbow |
triceps |
200 |
June 13, 1996 |
| Goiters develop when this gland becomes too active or not active enough |
thyroid |
300 |
June 13, 1996 |
| Melanin in this colorful part of the eye absorbs strong light that might blur the vision |
iris |
400 |
June 13, 1996 |
| This liver disease occurs when healthy liver cells are replaced by scar tissue |
cirrhosis |
500 |
June 13, 1996 |
| Abbreviated TB, this disease is characterized by lesions in the lung tissue |
Tuberculosis |
100 |
April 4, 1996 |
| The human body contains many of these: some are hinge, some are saddle, some are pivot types |
Joints |
200 |
April 4, 1996 |
| Blood leaves the heart from ventricles & enters the heart through these chambers |
Atria |
300 |
April 4, 1996 |
| This vitamin produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight is toxic in excess |
Vitamin D |
400 |
April 4, 1996 |
| These corpuscles are named for their shape rather than for their color |
Platelets |
500 |
April 4, 1996 |
| This disk-shaped organ in a pregnant woman provides the baby with food & oxygen |
placenta |
100 |
December 11, 1995 |
| Part of the body in which you'd find the pectoralis major muscle |
the chest |
200 |
December 11, 1995 |
| Most of the 19 major muscles attached to these 2 forearm bones move the wrist & fingers |
the ulna & the radius |
300 |
December 11, 1995 |
| The lower end of this 4 1/2-inch tube divides into 2 bronchi |
the trachea |
400 |
December 11, 1995 |
| The chief storage areas for iron in the body are the bone marrow, the spleen & this organ |
the liver |
|
December 11, 1995 |
| There are 9 cartilages in the larynx, & the largest of them forms this bulge |
the Adam\'s apple |
100 |
November 23, 1995 |
| The dilator muscle enlarges this part of the eye while the sphincter muscle makes it smaller |
the pupil |
200 |
November 23, 1995 |
| In a single red blood cell, there are more than 300 million molecules of this iron-rich pigment |
hemoglobin |
300 |
November 23, 1995 |
| At the hip joint, this thighbone joins the pelvis |
the femur |
400 |
November 23, 1995 |
| The pia mater is the innermost membrane that covers the brain, & this is the outermost layer |
the dura mater |
500 |
November 23, 1995 |
| Scientist Wilhelm Johannsen first used this term for the units of heredity |
a gene |
100 |
May 24, 1995 |
| This muscle is the chief mechanism for inhalation & exhalation |
the diaphragm |
200 |
May 24, 1995 |
| The name of this muscle on the back of the arm is Latin for "three-headed" |
the triceps |
300 |
May 24, 1995 |
| In the body, the total length of these smallest blood vessels is estimated at more than F 60,000 miles |
capillaries |
400 |
May 24, 1995 |
| Insulin is produced by beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in this organ |
the pancreas |
500 |
May 24, 1995 |
| This nerve consisting of about a million fibers connects the eyeball to the brain |
Optic Nerve |
100 |
December 1, 1993 |
| The body's cell metabolism is controlled by hormones from this gland in the front of the neck |
Thyroid Gland |
200 |
December 1, 1993 |
| The brachii in the arm and the femorus in the thigh are examples of these two-headed muscles |
Biceps |
300 |
December 1, 1993 |
| If this organ secretes too much insulin, hypoglycemia can occur |
Pancreas |
400 |
December 1, 1993 |
| Shaped like a bishop's hat, the valve between the heart's left ventricle & left atrium is called this |
the mitral valve |
500 |
December 1, 1993 |
| The name of this part of the skull that encloses the brain is Greek for "skull" |
the cranium |
100 |
October 26, 1993 |
| Resembling a worm, this slender tube attached to the cecum probably has no function in humans |
the appendix |
200 |
October 26, 1993 |
| The soleus & tibialis posterior muscles are found in this part of the body |
the leg |
300 |
October 26, 1993 |
| The adrenal glands lie atop this pair of organs |
the kidneys |
400 |
October 26, 1993 |
| This organ metabolizes carbohydrates |
the liver |
|
October 26, 1993 |
| These smallest blood-carrying tubes in the body link arteries to veins |
capillaries |
100 |
November 10, 1988 |
| To prevent rejection of transplanted organs, doctors suppress these blood cells |
lymphocytes (or white blood cells) |
200 |
November 10, 1988 |
| Though associated with ill temper, this organ actually produces antibodies |
the spleen |
300 |
November 10, 1988 |
| The integumentary system is another term for this, the body's largest organ |
the skin |
400 |
November 10, 1988 |
| The scientific name for the shinbone |
the tibia |
500 |
November 10, 1988 |
| Over 400 of these account for about 40% of your body's weight, more perhaps for Arnold Schwarzenegger |
muscles |
100 |
November 4, 1988 |
| Nails grow from this top layer of skin |
the epidermis |
200 |
November 4, 1988 |
| Heartburn is not a burning sensation in the heart but in this tube |
the esophagus |
300 |
November 4, 1988 |
| The anatomical name for the voice box |
the larynx |
400 |
November 4, 1988 |
| This hormone causes cells to take in & use sugar from the bloodstream |
insulin |
500 |
November 4, 1988 |