| By definition bacteria called anaerobes don't need this to live |
oxygen |
200 |
July 21, 2017 |
| In an earthworm, pairs of nephridia, similar to these human organs, filter & remove waste |
kidneys |
400 |
July 21, 2017 |
| Linked to some birth defects, aneuploidy is the condition of having an abnormal number of these |
chromosomes |
600 |
July 21, 2017 |
| (Jimmy of the Clue Crew presents.) Blood has 4 main components: red blood cells that make up about 45% of the volume, white blood cells & platelets that account for less than 1%, and making up about 55% is this liquid part that transports cells throughout the body |
plasma |
1000 |
July 21, 2017 |
| There are 3 main types of these in the body--smooth, striated & cardiac |
muscles |
|
July 21, 2017 |
| Neurospora crassa is this type of fungus; it grows on bread but in the wild is found on burned vegetation |
mold |
200 |
November 23, 2007 |
| Stomata, leaf pores that take in this gas, enlarge when its level in the air drops below normal |
carbon dioxide |
400 |
November 23, 2007 |
| About 25 species of this arachnid, most in the family buthidae, have venom that'll kill you; 1200 others sting like a bee |
scorpions |
600 |
November 23, 2007 |
| Linus Pauling found the structure of keratin, the main component of nails & this human body part |
hair |
800 |
November 23, 2007 |
| To help make sure your brain stays fueled, its cells need less of this hormone for glucose uptake |
insulin |
|
November 23, 2007 |
| Juices naturally occuring in this organ include hydrochloric acid & pepsin, but no orange |
the stomach |
200 |
December 7, 2004 |
| "Skin" term for the layer of cells on the upper & lower surfaces of a leaf; it may be one cell thick |
the epidermis |
400 |
December 7, 2004 |
| It's the stage in a cocooned butterfly's metamorphosis between caterpillar & adult |
chrysalis (or pupa) |
600 |
December 7, 2004 |
| This reaction occurs in the chloroplasts, the oval-shaped green organelles in plants |
photosynthesis |
800 |
December 7, 2004 |
| Aye-aye, it's a lack of ascorbic acid that can cause this disease |
scurvy |
1000 |
December 7, 2004 |
| 3 calves created this way made headlines back in 1988 |
cloning |
200 |
April 13, 2004 |
| The top 3 inches of an acre of soil may contain billions of nematodes, this type of creature |
worm |
400 |
April 13, 2004 |
| Classed as a subphylum of the chordates, they make up about 3 percent of animal species, including mammals |
vertebrates |
600 |
April 13, 2004 |
| A few hundred million years ago some plants had the bright idea to protect & spread their embryos in these |
seeds |
800 |
April 13, 2004 |
| In cell division, mitosis splits the nucleus & cytokinesis splits this liquid cushioning the nucleus |
cytoplasm |
1000 |
April 13, 2004 |
| Lacking a hard shell, copepods are less crunchy than other members of this group, like crabs |
crustaceans |
800 |
December 19, 2001 |
| Huntington's Disease is autosomal dominant, so one gene can cause it; CF is autosomal this, needing 2 |
recessive |
1000 |
December 19, 2001 |
| They're a plant's anchor & can have a fibrous or tap system |
roots |
100 |
July 3, 2000 |
| Around 1940 scientists found that mutations in these chromosomal units result in defective enzymes |
genes |
200 |
July 3, 2000 |
| 3 kinds of these are sensory, motor & mixed |
nerves |
300 |
July 3, 2000 |
| This calcified tissue that surrounds the pulp cavity of a tooth is a bone-like substance |
dentin |
400 |
July 3, 2000 |
| This "ology" is concerned with the development of the fertilized egg & the growth of the fetus |
embryology |
500 |
July 3, 2000 |
| In a bird's egg, it's contained within the vitelline membrane |
Yolk |
100 |
March 7, 2000 |
| From the Greek for "green leaf", it's the green pigment in plants |
Chlorophyll |
200 |
March 7, 2000 |
| It's defined as a change in the hereditary material of an organism's cells |
Mutation |
400 |
March 7, 2000 |
| The Drosophilidae family of this insect is used extensively in genetics because of its short, 10-day life cycle |
Fruit fly |
500 |
March 7, 2000 |
| This French chemist presented his germ theory of fermentation in an 1857 paper, "On Lactic Fermentation" |
Louis Pasteur |
|
March 7, 2000 |
| Measles, mumps & rabies are not transmitted by bacteria, but by these |
Viruses |
100 |
March 17, 1999 |
| Linnaeus only recognized 2 biological kingdoms; everything was either plant or this |
Animal |
200 |
March 17, 1999 |
| It's composed of the brain & spinal cord in vertebrates; scientists abbreviate it CNS |
Central Nervous System |
300 |
March 17, 1999 |
| Muscles may connect directly onto bones or connect to them by these |
Tendons |
400 |
March 17, 1999 |
| A termite's intestinal tract can break down this plant substance; yours can't |
Cellulose |
500 |
March 17, 1999 |
| It's any tissue that contracts & relaxes, causing movement of the limbs & other body parts |
Muscle |
100 |
October 10, 1997 |
| In 1970 David Baltimore proved that this nucleic acid could transmit information to DNA |
RNA (Ribonucleic acid) |
200 |
October 10, 1997 |
| In plants & invertebrates, this outermost layer of protection is usually just one cell thick |
Epidermis |
300 |
October 10, 1997 |
| It's the process by which an organism or cell takes in oxygen & expels carbon dioxide |
Respiration |
400 |
October 10, 1997 |
| Architectural term for the minimal stimulus that starts a nerve impulse, like pain |
threshold |
500 |
October 10, 1997 |
| Insensitive to light, your blind spot is where this nerve joins the eye |
optic nerve |
100 |
June 14, 1996 |
| A hormone called glucagon raises the level of this in the blood |
sugar (glucose) |
200 |
June 14, 1996 |
| Of curly hair, color-blindness or albinism, the one that isn't a recessive trait |
curly hair |
300 |
June 14, 1996 |
| One book describes this protozoan as a "mass of living jelly" |
amoeba |
400 |
June 14, 1996 |
| This part of the small intestine is named for the fact that it's about as long as the width of 12 fingers |
duodenum |
|
June 14, 1996 |
| A heterodont animal has different types of these-- incisors & molars, for example |
teeth |
100 |
April 3, 1996 |
| Found within plant cells, a chloroplast contains this green pigment |
chlorophyll |
200 |
April 3, 1996 |
| In humans 3 to 5 of these bony segments make up the coccyx |
vertebrae |
300 |
April 3, 1996 |
| Individuals with the B type of this blood clotting disorder lack plasma thromboplastin |
hemophilia |
400 |
April 3, 1996 |
| The paramecium is covered with threadlike projections called these |
cilia |
500 |
April 3, 1996 |
| Lipids are soluble in fat solvents & insoluble in this common liquid |
water |
100 |
September 5, 1995 |
| In some flies this secretion contains a digestive enzyme; in bloodsuckers, an anticoagulant |
saliva |
200 |
September 5, 1995 |
| The pollen producer in a flower, it features an anther at its apex |
a stamen |
300 |
September 5, 1995 |
| Among the muscles, it's the antagonist of the biceps |
the triceps (quadriceps) |
400 |
September 5, 1995 |
| Vital for blood clotting, there are about 250,000 of them per cubic millimeter of blood |
platelets |
500 |
September 5, 1995 |
| Crocodilians are the only reptiles in which this organ has 4 separated chambers |
the heart |
100 |
December 28, 1994 |
| The armadillo possesses the endo- & exo- types of this support structure |
skeleton |
200 |
December 28, 1994 |
| E. coli, one of these found in humans, is often used in genetic studies |
a bacteria |
300 |
December 28, 1994 |
| A bird's crop is an expanded area of this part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx & stomach |
the esophagus |
400 |
December 28, 1994 |
| In 1910 Paul Ehrlich announced that Salvarsan was an effective treatment for this disease |
syphilis |
500 |
December 28, 1994 |
| On birds there are contour & down types of these |
feathers |
100 |
April 20, 1994 |
| Among humans it's the homogametic sex because it has 2 X chromosomes |
female |
200 |
April 20, 1994 |
| Term for your first set of teeth or for trees that lose their leaves each year |
deciduous |
300 |
April 20, 1994 |
| It's a thin sheet of tissue through which osmosis may occur |
a membrane |
400 |
April 20, 1994 |
| Common name of Cypselurus californicus whose enlarged pectoral fins act as airfoils |
flying fish |
500 |
April 20, 1994 |
| A scorpion's stinger is located in this part of its body |
the tail |
100 |
October 5, 1993 |
| They're the glands in females that produce milk |
mammary glands |
200 |
October 5, 1993 |
| In vertebrates the oculomotor nerve stimulates the muscles that move this organ |
the eyes |
300 |
October 5, 1993 |
| Many animals exhibit geotactic behavior; that is, they move in response to this force |
gravity |
500 |
October 5, 1993 |
| Like human hair, a bird's feathers are made of this protein |
keratin |
|
October 5, 1993 |
| Term for the process of releasing an egg for fertilization |
ovulating |
100 |
April 13, 1992 |
| The three small bones found in this organ are known collectively as the ossicles |
the ear |
200 |
April 13, 1992 |
| In birds, this part of the alimentary canal is also known as the gastric mill |
the gizzard |
300 |
April 13, 1992 |
| In humans, they're the two main processes of cell division |
meiosis & mitosis |
500 |
April 13, 1992 |
| Some mollusks & other lower creatures are acephalous, meaning they lack this body part |
a head |
|
April 13, 1992 |
| The seed-containing fruit of the dandelion is designed so it can be dispersed by this |
the wind |
100 |
May 28, 1991 |
| The 3 substances in cell walls that make up the woody tissue of trees are pentosan, lignin & this |
cellulose |
200 |
May 28, 1991 |
| Specialty that is concerned with bacteria, molds, yeasts & viruses among others |
microbiology |
400 |
May 28, 1991 |
| One theory holds they developed from overlapping fringed extentions on the ends of reptiles' scales |
feathers |
500 |
May 28, 1991 |
| Humans typically have a set of 46 in most of their cells |
chromosomes |
|
May 28, 1991 |
| Rodents don't have these teeth, also called eyeteeth, but humans & dogs do |
canines |
100 |
February 18, 1991 |
| Thousands of ommatidia make 1 of the "compound" type of this sense organ |
an eye |
200 |
February 18, 1991 |
| These threadlike structures in the nuclei of cells carry the genes |
chromosomes (**chromatids) |
300 |
February 18, 1991 |
| The rumen is the first compartment of this organ in a cow |
the stomach |
500 |
February 18, 1991 |
| Geotropism is the directional growth movement of plants in response to this force |
gravity |
|
February 18, 1991 |
| Some birds still have the gene that would allow these to grow in their beaks |
teeth |
100 |
December 21, 1990 |
| A millipede has this many antennae |
two |
200 |
December 21, 1990 |
| This 3-letter suffix denotes a carbohydrate, especially a sugar |
-ose |
300 |
December 21, 1990 |
| As opposed to vitamins B1 & C, which are water soluble, A & E are usually soluble only in this |
fat |
400 |
December 21, 1990 |
| In addition to making penicillin, species of penicillium are used to ripen & flavor these |
cheese |
|
December 21, 1990 |
| Term for an organism that harbors a parasite |
host |
100 |
January 10, 1990 |
| Some birds have patella bones, commonly called this in humans |
kneecaps |
200 |
January 10, 1990 |
| Adjective used to describe your 1st set of teeth & plants that shed their leaves seasonally |
deciduous |
300 |
January 10, 1990 |
| Oxygenated hemoglobin is this color |
red |
400 |
January 10, 1990 |
| For an adult elephant it can be up to 1 1/2" thick & weigh about a ton yet can be pierced by an insect |
the skin |
100 |
October 27, 1989 |
| Dizygotic twins are more commonly known by this brotherly name |
fraternal twins |
200 |
October 27, 1989 |
| The fruit of the dandelion is designed to be dispersed by the wind & the fruit of the coconut by this |
the sea (or ocean current) |
300 |
October 27, 1989 |
| Euglenas are microscopic organisms scientists classify in both of these groups |
animals & plants |
400 |
October 27, 1989 |
| They're your smallest blood transport tubes & in some the red cells have to go through single file |
capillaries |
500 |
October 27, 1989 |
| The action of these organisms on sugar produces alcohol & CO2, as brewers well know |
yeasts |
100 |
October 18, 1988 |
| Your masseter muscle closes these |
mouth (jaw) |
200 |
October 18, 1988 |
| It connects the placenta & embryo in humans, usually for 9 months |
umbilical cord |
300 |
October 18, 1988 |
| A clam shell has 3 layers: the horny outer layer, the prismatic layer & one described as this |
pearly, mother of pearl or nacre |
400 |
October 18, 1988 |
| While "carpal" refers to bones in your body, a carpel is a reproductive organ in one of these |
flower |
500 |
October 18, 1988 |
| It's generally the last vestige of the tadpole stage that a frog loses |
tail |
100 |
June 3, 1988 |
| Fleischmann's says one ounce of this carbon dioxide-making substance contains about 280 billion cells |
yeast |
200 |
June 3, 1988 |
| Most animals other than birds or mammals are poikilothermic, commonly referred to as this |
cold-blooded |
300 |
June 3, 1988 |
| As the middle Paleozoic era is called the age of fishes, the Mesozoic era is known as this |
age of reptiles |
400 |
June 3, 1988 |
| Term for the transference of microspores of seed plants from anther to stigma |
pollination |
500 |
June 3, 1988 |
| One difference between moths & butterflies is that moths hold these horizontally while at rest |
their wings |
100 |
February 10, 1988 |
| Fecundity is the biological capacity of an organism to produce these |
offspring |
200 |
February 10, 1988 |
| The fin used as the chief means of locomotion for a fish |
tail fin |
300 |
February 10, 1988 |
| Term used when a mass of bees leaves a hive with a queen to form a new colony |
swarm |
400 |
February 10, 1988 |
| (The) Enzyme production of a cell is controlled by these parts of a chromosome |
genes |
500 |
February 10, 1988 |
| Mycology is the branch of biology that studies mushrooms, yeasts, molds, and other types of these |
fungi |
100 |
November 16, 1987 |
| Fibrinogen is a protein material that helps the blood in doing this |
clotting |
200 |
November 16, 1987 |
| Common term for a female gamete |
egg |
300 |
November 16, 1987 |
| People usually refer to adipose tissue as this |
fat |
400 |
November 16, 1987 |
| In any vertebrate, the occiput is the posterior part of this |
the skull |
500 |
November 16, 1987 |
| Animals in the class "Aves" are commonly called this |
birds |
100 |
December 16, 1986 |
| Mutagens are agents that can cause this |
mutations |
200 |
December 16, 1986 |
| In a turtle, this is supported by the fusion of the backbone & ribs |
the shell |
300 |
December 16, 1986 |
| Of a watermelon, jellyfish, or infant human, the one whose weight has the highest percentage of water |
a jellyfish |
400 |
December 16, 1986 |
| = |
= |
100 |
November 25, 1985 |
| = |
= |
200 |
November 25, 1985 |
| = |
= |
300 |
November 25, 1985 |
| = |
= |
400 |
November 25, 1985 |
| = |
= |
500 |
November 25, 1985 |
| In genetics, it's what passing of characteristics from Mom & Dad to Junior is called |
heredity |
100 |
November 21, 1985 |
| When sexually aroused, the carpenter species of this insect will chase jet liners |
bees |
200 |
November 21, 1985 |
| The period of time between egg laying & hatching is called this |
incubation |
300 |
November 21, 1985 |
| In an apple, it's the "inside" name for the pericarp |
the core |
400 |
November 21, 1985 |
| Found even in dinosaurs, this world's oldest known disease is still considered incurable |
arthritis |
500 |
November 21, 1985 |